← All distillations
book·one-page markdown

Paul Graham: Selected Essays

Paul Graham

A one-page map of the startup, writing, focus, curiosity, and independent-work ideas that recur across Paul Graham's essays.

Graham's essays keep returning to direct contact with reality. For a startup, that means users and growth rather than theater. For a writer, it means clear claims rather than impressive phrasing. For a career, it means curiosity and projects rather than prestige. The connective tissue is agency: choose work whose feedback can teach you, then stay close enough to notice what it says.

Use the corpus for

  • Finding a startup wedge. Start with a small group that urgently wants the product, recruit them manually, and let unusually close support reveal what the scalable business should become.
  • Checking survival. Ask whether present cash, expenses, and growth make the company default alive or default dead before fundraising pressure removes your options.
  • Protecting deep work. Separate maker time from manager time. Large mental models need uninterrupted blocks, not a calendar fragmented into convenient half-hours.
  • Choosing ambitious work. Follow curiosity into a field, learn its frontier, notice gaps, and convert those gaps into projects that produce feedback.
  • Thinking through writing. Use prose as a test instrument. A sentence you cannot make clear often points to a thought you have not finished.

Repeating mistakes

  • Replacing users and product with startup performance: networking, press, fundraising, and founder aesthetics.
  • Scaling before a small set of users cares deeply.
  • Letting prestige choose the problem.
  • Treating meetings as free interruptions for people whose work requires long stretches of concentration.
  • Writing to sound authoritative instead of discovering whether the claim is true.

Start here

  1. How to Start a Startup
  2. Do Things that Don't Scale
  3. Default Alive or Default Dead?
  4. Maker's Schedule, Manager's Schedule
  5. Putting Ideas into Words
  6. How to Do Great Work

The one line

Work directly on the thing, use contact with reality as the judge, and protect enough independence to follow what you learn.